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Zitierempfehlung
Alexander von Humboldt: „The cow-tree of South America“, in: ders., Sämtliche Schriften digital, herausgegeben von Oliver Lubrich und Thomas Nehrlich, Universität Bern 2021. URL: <https://humboldt.unibe.ch/text/1818-Sur_le_Lait-50-neu> [abgerufen am 24.04.2024].
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| Titel | The cow-tree of South America | ||||||
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| Jahr | 1834 | ||||||
| Ort | London | ||||||
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Nachweis in: The Saturday Magazine 4:113 (5. April 1834), S. 131–132.
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| Sprache | Englisch | ||||||
| Typografischer Befund | Antiqua; Spaltensatz; Auszeichnung: Kursivierung, Kapitälchen; Fußnoten mit Asterisken; Schmuck: Kapitälchen. | ||||||
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Statistiken
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| Weitere Fassungen | |
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Sur le Lait de l’arbre de la Vache et le Lait des végétaux en général (Paris, 1818, Französisch) |
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On the Milk extracted from the Cow Tree (l’ Arbre de la Vache), and on Vegetable Milk in general (London, 1818, Englisch) |
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Der Kuhbaum und die Pflanzenmilch (Stuttgart; Tübingen, 1818, Deutsch) |
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Sur le Lait de l’arbre de la Vache (Paris, 1818, Französisch) |
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On the Milk of the Cow Tree, and on Vegetable Milk in general (Sherborne, 1818, Englisch) |
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[Sur le Lait de l’arbre de la Vache et le Lait des végétaux en général] (London, 1818, Englisch) |
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Cow Tree (Edinburgh, 1818, Englisch) |
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On the Milk of the Cow-Tree, and on Vegetable Milk in general (London, 1818, Englisch) |
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[Sur le Lait de l’arbre de la Vache et le Lait des végétaux en général] (Edinburgh, 1818, Englisch) |
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Drzewo krowie i mléko roślinne (Lwiw, 1818, Polnisch) |
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Cow tree (Boston, Massachusetts, 1818, Englisch) |
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Cow tree (Baltimore, Maryland, 1818, Englisch) |
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Cow-tree (London, 1818, Englisch) |
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On the Milk of the Cow Tree, and on vegetable Milk in General (London, 1818, Englisch) |
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Notions sur le Lait de l’Arbre de la Vache et le Lait des végétaux en général (Montpellier, 1818, Französisch) |
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Sul latte dell’ albero della Vacca e in generale sul latte dei vegetabili (Pavia, 1818, Italienisch) |
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Ueber die Milch des Kuhbaums und die Milch der Pflanzen überhaupt (Jena, 1818, Deutsch) |
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Cow-tree (New York City, New York, 1819, Englisch) |
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The milk tree (New York City, New York, 1819, Englisch) |
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Cow-tree (Natchez, Mississippi, 1819, Englisch) |
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On the Cow Tree of the Caraccas, and on the Milk of Vegetables in general (London, 1819, Englisch) |
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The cow-tree (London, 1819, Englisch) |
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The Cow-tree (London, 1819, Englisch) |
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The cow-tree (Kendal, 1819, Englisch) |
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Cow-tree (London, 1819, Englisch) |
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Cow tree (Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1819, Englisch) |
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The cow-tree (London, 1819, Englisch) |
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The Cow Tree (Providence, Rhode Island, 1819, Englisch) |
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The cow tree (Stockbridge, Massachusetts, 1819, Englisch) |
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The cow tree (New York City, New York, 1819, Englisch) |
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The cow tree (Hallowell, Maine, 1819, Englisch) |
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The cow tree (Alexandria, Virginia, 1819, Englisch) |
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The cow tree (Albany, New York, 1819, Englisch) |
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The cow tree (New York City, New York, 1819, Englisch) |
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De koe-boom en de planten-melk. (Uit het Hoogduitsch)’ (Amsterdam, 1819, Niederländisch) |
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Ueber die Milch des Kuhbaums und die Pflanzenmilch überhaupt (Nürnberg, 1819, Deutsch) |
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The Cow-Tree (London, 1820, Englisch) |
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Milk Tree in South America (London, 1821, Englisch) |
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The cow tree (Trenton, New Jersey, 1824, Englisch) |
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The cow tree (York, 1825, Englisch) |
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The Cow Tree (London, 1826, Englisch) |
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Arbol de leche (London, 1827, Spanisch) |
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[Sur le Lait de l’arbre de la Vache et le Lait des végétaux en général] (Buffalo, New York, 1827, Englisch) |
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Description of the milk tree in South America (London, 1829, Englisch) |
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Vegetable substances – the cow tree (New York City, New York, 1832, Englisch) |
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[Sur le Lait de l’arbre de la Vache et le Lait des végétaux en général] (Wien, 1833, Deutsch) |
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Der Milchbaum (Wien, 1833, Deutsch) |
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Der Kuhbaum (Wien, 1834, Deutsch) |
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[Sur le Lait de l’arbre de la Vache et le Lait des végétaux en général] (London, 1834, Englisch) |
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The cow-tree of South America (London, 1834, Englisch) |
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[Sur le Lait de l’arbre de la Vache et le Lait des végétaux en général] (Castlebar, 1834, Englisch) |
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[Sur le Lait de l’arbre de la Vache et le Lait des végétaux en général] (Durham, 1834, Englisch) |
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The cow-tree of South America (London, 1834, Englisch) |
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[Sur le Lait de l’arbre de la Vache et le Lait des végétaux en général] (Manchester, 1834, Englisch) |
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The Cow-Tree (London, 1834, Englisch) |
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Cow tree (Boston, Massachusetts, 1834, Englisch) |
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[Sur le Lait de l’arbre de la Vache et le Lait des végétaux en général] (New York City, New York, 1834, Englisch) |
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The Cow-Tree of South America (Merthyr Tydfil, 1835, Englisch) |
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Der Kuh- oder Milchbaum (München, 1838, Deutsch) |
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The cow tree (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1840, Englisch) |
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The Palo de Vacca (Belfast, 1841, Englisch) |
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The Cow Tree (Bolton, 1850, Englisch) |
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Arbol de leche (Mexico, 1852, Spanisch) |
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Milk, Bread, and Butter Trees! (Northampton, 1852, Englisch) |
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Milk, bread, and butter trees (Wells, 1852, Englisch) |
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Milk, bread, and butter trees (Cirencester, 1852, Englisch) |
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Milk, bread, and butter trees (Sligo, 1852, Englisch) |
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The Cow Tree (London, 1852, Englisch) |
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The palo de vaca or cow-tree (Enniskillen, 1853, Englisch) |
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The Cow Tree (Haverfordwest, 1853, Englisch) |
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The Cow Tree (Greensburg, Indiana, 1853, Englisch) |
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The cow tree (Loudon, Tennessee, 1854, Englisch) |
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Milk, bread and butter trees. (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1856, Englisch) |
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Milk and butter trees (London, 1856, Englisch) |
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The Cow Tree (Salisbury, North Carolina, 1857, Englisch) |
|131|
|Spaltenumbruch|
|Spaltenumbruch|
We had heard of a tree, the juice of which is anourishing milk; it is called the Cow-Tree; andwe were assured that the negroes of the farm, whodrink plentifully of this vegetable milk, consider it asa wholesome aliment. All the milky juices of plantsbeing acrid, bitter, and more or less poisonous, thisassertion appeared to us very extraordinary; but wefound, by experience, during our stay at Barbula, thatthe virtues of the palo de vaca had not been exagge-rated. This fine tree rises like the broad-leaved star-apple*. Its oblong and pointed leaves, tough andalternate, are marked by lateral ribs, prominent atthe lower surface, and parallel; they are some ofthem ten inches long. We did not see the flower:the fruit is somewhat fleshy, and contains one, orsometimes two nuts. When incisions are made inthe trunk of the Cow-Tree, it yields abundance of aglutinous milk, tolerably thick, destitute of all acri-mony, and of an agreeable and balmy smell. It wasoffered to us in the shell of the tutumo, or calabash-tree. We drank considerable quantities of it in theevening before we went to bed, and very early in themorning, without feeling the least injurious effect.The ropiness of this milk alone renders it a littledisagreeable. The negroes and the free people, whowork in the plantations, drink it, dipping into it theirbread of maize or cassava. The major domo of thefarm told us, that the negroes grow sensibly fatterduring the season when the palo de vaca furnishesthem with most milk.
This juice, exposed to the air, presents at its sur-face, perhaps in consequence of the absorption ofthe atmospheric oxygen, membranes of a stronglyanimalized substance, yellowish, stringy, and resem-bling a cheesy substance; these membranes, separatedfrom the rest of the more aqueous liquid, are elastic,almost like caoutchouc; but they undergo, in time,the same phenomena of putrefaction as gelatine.The people call the coagulum that separates by thecontact of the air, cheese; this coagulum grows sourin the space of five or six days, as I observed in thesmall portions which I carried to Nueva Valencia.
This extraordinary tree appears to be peculiar tothe Cordillera of the coast, particularly from Barbulato the lake of Maracaybo. Some stocks of it existnear the village of San Mateo, and in the valley ofCaucagua, three days’ journey east of Caraccas. AtCaucagua, the natives call the tree that furnishesthis nourishing juice the Milk-Tree, (arbol de leche).
They profess to recognise, from the thickness andcolour of the foliage, the trunks that yield the mostjuice, as the herdsman distinguishes, from external
* Chrysophyllum cainito. |132| |Spaltenumbruch|signs, a good milch cow. It seems, according toMr. Kunth, to belong to the Sapota family *. Amid the great number of curious phenomenawhich have presented themselves to me in the courseof my travels, I confess there are few which have sopowerfully affected my imagination as the aspect ofthe Cow-Tree. On the barren flank of a rock growsa tree, with coriaceous and dry leaves; its largewoody roots can scarcely penetrate into the stone;for several months in the year not a single showermoistens its foliage; its branches appear dead anddried; but when the trunk is pierced, there flowsfrom it a sweet nourishing milk. It is at the risingof the sun that this vegetable fountain is mostabundant; the blacks and natives are then seenhastening from all quarters, furnished with largebowls to receive the milk, which grows yellow, andthickens at its surface; some empty their bowls nearthe tree itself, others carry the juice home to theirchildren. We seem to behold the family of a shep-herd, who distributes the milk of his flock.—— Humboldt’s Personal Narrative. |Spaltenumbruch|
THE COW-TREE OF SOUTH AMERICA.
* Chrysophyllum cainito. |132| |Spaltenumbruch|signs, a good milch cow. It seems, according toMr. Kunth, to belong to the Sapota family *. Amid the great number of curious phenomenawhich have presented themselves to me in the courseof my travels, I confess there are few which have sopowerfully affected my imagination as the aspect ofthe Cow-Tree. On the barren flank of a rock growsa tree, with coriaceous and dry leaves; its largewoody roots can scarcely penetrate into the stone;for several months in the year not a single showermoistens its foliage; its branches appear dead anddried; but when the trunk is pierced, there flowsfrom it a sweet nourishing milk. It is at the risingof the sun that this vegetable fountain is mostabundant; the blacks and natives are then seenhastening from all quarters, furnished with largebowls to receive the milk, which grows yellow, andthickens at its surface; some empty their bowls nearthe tree itself, others carry the juice home to theirchildren. We seem to behold the family of a shep-herd, who distributes the milk of his flock.—— Humboldt’s Personal Narrative. |Spaltenumbruch|
* The Sapota is a genus of trees, (Hexandria Monogynia,) anciently called Achras, commonly translated the Wild Pear, ofwhich four species are enumerated in Martyn’s Miller. 1st, Mam-mee Sapota, otherwise called, Nippled Sapota, or the AmericanMarmalade, from which a marmalade is made like that of quinces.It is planted in the gardens in most of the West India Islands.2nd, Common Sapota, with a fruit larger than a quince, of a delicatemellow taste. All the tender parts are full of a milky juice, ex-tremely harsh, and bitterish: but the fruit though full of this whileyoung, is very sweet and agreeable when it ripens. 3rd, Cloven-flowered Sapota. All the herbaceous parts of this tree are milky.Cultivated in Malabar, the fruit of which is of the size and form ofthe olive, succulent, of a sweetish acid flavour. 4th, Willow-leavedSapota. No part of the tree is milky: called in Jamaica, WhiteBully Tree, or Galimeta-wood: it is reckoned good timber.