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          <title type="main">Cow-tree</title>
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            <persName ref="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118554700">
              <surname>Humboldt</surname>
              <forename>Alexander</forename>
              <nameLink>von</nameLink>
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          <date type="publication">1819</date>
          <pubPlace>New York City, New York</pubPlace>
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          <title type="full">in: &lt;i&gt;The American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review&lt;/i&gt; 4:4 (Februar 1819), S. 309.</title>
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                <head>COW-TREE.</head>
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                <p>Mr. Humboldt and his companions, in the<lb break="yes"/>course of their travels, heard an account of<lb break="yes"/>a tree which grows in the valleys of Aragua,<lb break="yes"/>the juice of which is a nourishing milk, and<lb break="yes"/>which, from that circumstance, has received<lb break="yes"/>the name of <hi rendition="#i">the cow-tree.</hi> The tree in its<lb break="yes" />general aspect resembles the chrysophyllum<lb break="yes"/>cainito; its leaves are oblong, pointed,<lb break="yes"/>
                    <cb/>leathery, and alternate, marked with lateral<lb break="yes"/>veins projecting downwards; they are paral-<lb break="no"/>lel, and are ten inches long. When incisions<lb break="yes"/>are made into the trunk, it discharges abun-<lb break="no"/>dantly a glutinous milk, moderately thick,<lb break="yes"/>without any acridness, and exhaling an<lb break="yes" />agreeable balsamic odour. The travellers<lb break="yes"/>drank considerable quantities of it without<lb break="yes"/>experiencing any injurious effects; its<lb break="yes"/>viscidity only rendering it rather unpleasant.<lb break="yes"/>The superintendant of the plantation as-<lb break="no"/>sured them that the negroes acquire flesh<lb break="yes"/>during the season in which the cow-tree<lb break="yes"/>yields the greatest quantity of milk. When<lb break="yes"/>this fluid is exposed to the air, perhaps in<lb break="yes" />consequence of the absorption of the oxy-<lb break="no"/>gen of the atmosphere, its surface becomes<lb break="yes"/>covered with membranes of a substance that<lb break="yes"/>appears to be of a decided animal nature,<lb break="yes"/>yellowish, thready, and of a cheesy con-<lb break="no" />sistence. These membranes, when sepa-<lb break="no"/>rated from the more aqueous part of the<lb break="yes"/>fluid, are almost as elastic as caoutchouc;<lb break="yes"/>but at the same time they are as much dis-<lb break="no"/>posed to become putrid as gelatine. The<lb break="yes"/>natives give the name of cheese to the coa-<lb break="no"/>gulum, which is separated by the contact of<lb break="yes"/>the air; in the course of five or six days it<lb break="yes"/>becomes sour. The milk, kept for some<lb break="yes"/>time in a corked phial, had deposited a little<lb break="yes"/>coagulum, and still exhaled its balsamic<lb break="yes"/>odour. If the recent juice be mixed with<lb break="yes"/>cold water, the coagulum is formed in small<lb break="yes" />quantities only; but the separation of the<lb break="yes"/>viscid membranes occurs when it is placed<lb break="yes"/>in contact with nitric acid. This remarka-<lb break="no"/>ble tree seems to be peculiar to the Cordil-<lb break="no"/>liere du Littoral, especially from Barbula to<lb break="yes" />the lake of Maracabo. There are likewise<lb break="yes"/>some traces of it near the village of San<lb break="yes"/>Mateo; and, according to the account of<lb break="yes"/>M. Bredmeyer, in the valley of Caucagua,<lb break="yes" />three days journey to the east of the Carac-<lb break="no"/>cas. This naturalist has likewise described<lb break="yes"/>the vegetable milk of the cow-tree as pos-<lb break="no"/>sessing an agreeable flavour, and an aro-<lb break="no"/>matic odour; the natives of Caucagua call<lb break="yes"/>it the milk-tree.</p>
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